頂管(guan)施工(gong)一旦(dan)發(fa)生(sheng)事故，輕則影(ying)響(xiang)施工(gong)進度，影(ying)響(xiang)居民生(sheng)活(huo)出行，重則造(zao)成人員傷(shang)亡(wang)。而多數(shu)頂管(guan)事故發(fa)生(sheng)的原因都是在施工(gong)前未做好準(zhun)備工(gong)作和防(fang)護措施。接下來，就(jiu)讓小編帶大家了解在頂管(guan)施工(gong)前要(yao)做好哪些準(zhun)備工(gong)作！

一、了(le)解(jie)地(di)質條件(jian) 頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中的一個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)問(wen)題就是地(di)層(ceng)適(shi)應性問(wen)題，針(zhen)對(dui)不同的土質、不同的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)條件(jian)和不同的要(yao)求，需(xu)選用與之適(shi)應的頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方式以及合理(li)的頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管掘進(jin)參數，才能(neng)達到事半功倍的效果，反(fan)之則(ze)可能(neng)使頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管施(shi)(shi)工(gong)出現困難，甚至會(hui)導(dao)致頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管施(shi)(shi)工(gong)失敗，給(gei)工(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)成巨大(da)損失。  管道(dao)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)進(jin)過程(cheng)中，沿途土層(ceng)變化(hua)(hua)頻繁，所以在(zai)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管施(shi)(shi)工(gong)前(qian)需(xu)了(le)解(jie)土層(ceng)的變化(hua)(hua)情況。 對于要經過的(de)回填土地(di)段，需要提前進(jin)行加固(gu)處理，否(fou)則頂(ding)管施工后地(di)表(biao)可能會出現過大(da)的(de)下沉。

二、有(you)(you)毒氣(qi)體的檢(jian)測與防護 頂管(guan)(guan)施工一(yi)般會(hui)通(tong)過淤泥(ni)層(ceng)，在地(di)下(xia)可(ke)能會(hui)形成(cheng)有(you)(you)毒有(you)(you)害氣(qi)體，常見的如一(yi)氧化碳、硫(liu)化氫、甲烷等，也可(ke)能會(hui)出現缺氧環(huan)境(jing)。如果不及時采取有(you)(you)效措施，可(ke)能會(hui)引(yin)起作業工人急性(xing)中(zhong)毒甚(shen)至(zhi)死(si)亡。  因此，針對施工段(duan)可(ke)能存(cun)在的地(di)質裂隙、連通(tong)性(xing)好的含氣(qi)層(ceng)或較大的氣(qi)囊、溶洞，可(ke)利(li)用地(di)質超前(qian)預(yu)報(bao)進行超前(qian)探測，了解地(di)層(ceng)構造(zao)、含氣(qi)狀(zhuang)況。其次要定時監測管(guan)(guan)內有(you)(you)毒氣(qi)體含量，采用通(tong)風(feng)裝(zhuang)置予以(yi)解決。

三、超前(qian)(qian)探(tan)查(cha)地(di)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian) 在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)市(shi)建設和地(di)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)鋪設的過(guo)程中，盲目地(di)頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)工往往造成非常嚴重(zhong)的后果。由于城(cheng)市(shi)內(nei)地(di)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)眾多(duo)，埋深(shen)等信息也各有差(cha)異(yi)，所以頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)工前(qian)(qian)期的地(di)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)探(tan)測(ce)就顯(xian)得尤為重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)。首先要(yao)(yao)特別注意隱蔽點(dian)埋深(shen)的探(tan)測(ce)，務必要(yao)(yao)..埋深(shen)誤差(cha)在(zai)(zai)限(xian)差(cha)范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)。要(yao)(yao)避(bi)免某類管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)或(huo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)上下(xia)(xia)翻等深(shen)度(du)變(bian)化節(jie)點(dian)的側漏情(qing)況發生。對于地(di)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)較密集、相(xiang)互重(zhong)疊的區域，要(yao)(yao)根據現場情(qing)況采(cai)用多(duo)種方法(fa)(fa)進行探(tan)測(ce)，比如：旁側感(gan)應(ying)法(fa)(fa)、水平壓線(xian)(xian)法(fa)(fa)等。

四、穿越建(jian)(jian)筑時要注意：  在城市頂管施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中，近距離穿越建(jian)(jian)(構)筑物(wu)基礎或地下(xia)管線(xian)時，由于頂進(jin)過程對土體的擾動和地層損(sun)失易造成建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)不均勻沉降和管線(xian)受損(sun)等事故，為降低施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)風險，有(you)必(bi)(bi)要采取(qu)措施(shi)(shi)對穿越區域的建(jian)(jian)(構)筑物(wu)及地下(xia)管線(xian)事先保(bao)護，需要明確施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)線(xian)上所遇到的建(jian)(jian)筑類(lei)型，必(bi)(bi)要時，頂管頂進(jin)前(qian)可采取(qu)托換、加固措施(shi)(shi)。

五、汛期(qi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)注意(yi)：  汛期(qi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，尤其要(yao)做好防汛防臺工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，要(yao)防止井內進水、機(ji)頭被淹、停電等情況的發生，以免影響正常的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度(du)。要(yao)做好已施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)沉井頂(ding)部預留(liu)筋(jin)的防潮工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，減少不必要(yao)的人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)投入(ru)。

六、管(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)供應要(yao)注意(yi)：  管(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的質量，需隨時(shi)抽查，防止在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工期有不(bu)合格的管(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)進(jin)(jin)場。在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工期間(jian)，應..管(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的連續供應。否則，不(bu)但影響施(shi)(shi)工進(jin)(jin)度，同時(shi)因頂力(li)太大(da)(da)(da)，對(dui)設(she)備、對(dui)后座都(dou)會(hui)帶來不(bu)良后果(guo)，易(yi)產(chan)生隱患。  而且要(yao)根據頂管(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工的特點來選用管(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)，例如在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)口徑、長(chang)距離的頂管(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工中(zhong)(zhong)，一般頂進(jin)(jin)力(li)都(dou)非常大(da)(da)(da)。在(zai)選用管(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)時(shi)，一方面要(yao)求所選管(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)軸(zhou)向抗(kang)壓強度要(yao)大(da)(da)(da)；另(ling)一方面，所選管(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)需在(zai)頂進(jin)(jin)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)會(hui)額外地增加阻力(li)。

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