牽引(yin)(yin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)可以(yi)穿越(yue)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)、公路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)在路(lu)基(ji)下(xia)裝設水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥套管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)或(huo)(huo)鋼套管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，牽引(yin)(yin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從套管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中牽引(yin)(yin)過(guo)去，以(yi)保證管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)和(he)(he)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)、公路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保障(zhang)(zhang)。牽引(yin)(yin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)韌性(xing)好(hao)，粘接性(xing)非常(chang)好(hao)，可以(yi)保證管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順利(li)鋪(pu)設。牽引(yin)(yin)關屬于頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong).拉(la)(la)(la)(la)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)常(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)鉆(zhan)頭先鉆(zhan)到道(dao)路(lu)另外(wai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)側，再通(tong)過(guo)回(hui)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)一(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)來實(shi)現非開(kai)挖拉(la)(la)(la)(la)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)分下(xia)降/水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)/上升(sheng)三個階(jie)段(duan)。而頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)常(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先挖好(hao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)坑及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)井和(he)(he)接受井，然后通(tong)過(guo)挖掘和(he)(he)千斤頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)將管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)截一(yi)(yi)(yi)截頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)過(guo)道(dao)路(lu)。由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)徑(jing)(jing)方(fang)面說(shuo)(shuo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)徑(jing)(jing)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)拖(tuo)(tuo)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)，大(da)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)徑(jing)(jing)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途方(fang)面說(shuo)(shuo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)電信(xin)等(deng)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)拖(tuo)(tuo)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)，排水(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)推的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，拉(la)(la)(la)(la)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，拉(la)(la)(la)(la)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)適合(he)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)600mm以(yi)內，而且高程(cheng)控制(zhi)比較差(cha)。頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)則(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)800mm－3500mm，高程(cheng)控制(zhi)相對準確，造(zao)價的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)口(kou)經用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，大(da)口(kou)徑(jing)(jing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)我(wo)接觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經驗(yan)：施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)徑(jing)(jing)差(cha)不(bu)(bu)(bu)多（不(bu)(bu)(bu)含(han)材(cai)(cai)料費）管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)拖(tuo)(tuo)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)PE壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)＂F管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)＂；PE壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)價格貴(gui)．但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)超(chao)過(guo)600以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)很少用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)牽引(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，都采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，我(wo)聽聞牽引(yin)(yin)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)DN2000的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自身(shen)做到較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牽引(yin)(yin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)為630的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)PE壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)～～你(ni)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)能說(shuo)(shuo)具(ju)體(ti)點，我(wo)能幫(bang)你(ni)測算(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)徑(jing)(jing)，造(zao)斜段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)段(duan)，穿越(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路(lu)段(duan)，DN315元約(yue)在2500元，定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)額有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，可以(yi)讓定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)額站出(chu)(chu)(chu)補(bu)充(chong)協議的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)，你(ni)需(xu)提(ti)供你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)料機分析(xi)。非開(kai)挖機械購置費，水(shui)(shui)(shui)玻璃，膨潤(run)土(tu)，長(chang)度(du)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)在穿越(yue)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)、高速公路(lu)、河(he)流、建(jian)筑物等(deng)障(zhang)(zhang)礙(ai)物，或(huo)(huo)在城市公路(lu)主(zhu)要(yao)干道(dao)路(lu)面下(xia)鋪(pu)設時，常(chang)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)特殊施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)，即不(bu)(bu)(bu)開(kai)槽施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，這種(zhong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)稱為頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。它是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)項新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術，主(zhu)要(yao)特點是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：在不(bu)(bu)(bu)拆除(chu)(chu)或(huo)(huo)少拆除(chu)(chu)地面障(zhang)(zhang)礙(ai)物，不(bu)(bu)(bu)中斷地面交通(tong)；在穿越(yue)河(he)流時既(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)影響正常(chang)通(tong)航(hang)，也不(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)要(yao)修建(jian)圍堰或(huo)(huo)進(jin)(jin)行水(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)作(zuo)(zuo)業。頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)有：人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、機械或(huo)(huo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)力掘進(jin)(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，或(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)土(tu)層(ceng)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。近幾年(nian)，隨著施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷進(jin)(jin)步和(he)(he)發展(zhan)，出(chu)(chu)(chu)現了許多針對不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)現場情況而創立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)方(fang)法(fa)，如導(dao)向(xiang)鉆(zhan)進(jin)(jin)鋪(pu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)法(fa)，混凝(ning)土(tu)方(fang)（拱）管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)涵頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)進(jin)(jin)等(deng)方(fang)法(fa)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)何種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)，則(ze)要(yao)根(gen)據管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)徑(jing)(jing)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、土(tu)層(ceng)性(xing)質、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線長(chang)度(du)及其它因素來決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。作(zuo)(zuo)為預算(suan)人員(yuan)，在編(bian)制(zhi)或(huo)(huo)審(shen)(shen)核頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)預（結）算(suan)報告時，怎樣才能使(shi)自己編(bian)制(zhi)或(huo)(huo)審(shen)(shen)核的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預（結）算(suan)造(zao)價更確切更合(he)理(li)呢(ni)？通(tong)常(chang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖或(huo)(huo)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖對于有頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項目標注都十分簡單，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)標注：“某(mou)路(lu)段(duan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)長(chang)多少米，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)為……”，這就要(yao)求我(wo)們(men)預算(suan)人員(yuan)要(yao)了解熟悉各種(zhong)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件，再根(gen)據定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)額套用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)子目，只有這樣才能編(bian)制(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)價。

某水廠在進行(xing)出水管(guan)(guan)鋪設(she)時，就遇到了另外兩條特大(da)水管(guan)(guan)橫在前(qian)面，阻(zu)擋前(qian)進方(fang)向。由于是兩根管(guan)(guan)徑分別為3.2米和2.8米的鋼(gang)筋(jin)混凝土(tu)管(guan)(guan)，用正(zheng)常的挖(wa)管(guan)(guan)溝敷(fu)設(she)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)根本不可行(xing)，經反復研究決(jue)定降低標高用頂管(guan)(guan)方(fang)式穿越前(qian)面阻(zu)擋。由于頂管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)徑大(da)，頂進距離比(bi)較(jiao)短，因此，采用有人工、機械(xie)或(huo)水力掘進頂管(guan)(guan)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)比(bi)較(jiao)合適。此時，作預算人中，就要根據這種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的工作內容來編制預算報(bao)告(gao)。

首先是工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)坑土方量的計(ji)算(suan)。通常坑寬W=D+2B+2b（B為(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面，b為(wei)(wei)側壁支撐立木），坑深(shen)可根(gen)據設計(ji)高度(du)、基礎(chu)厚度(du)、頂(ding)管(guan)設備(bei)高度(du)（導軌至管(guan)中(zhong)心高度(du)）而定，長度(du)一(yi)般按3米計(ji)算(suan)，若后背(bei)尺寸(cun)(cun)加厚，則相應加大長度(du)尺寸(cun)(cun)，這樣(yang)土方量就計(ji)算(suan)出來了。回收坑也用同(tong)樣(yang)方法計(ji)算(suan)工(gong)(gong)程量。其次，就是工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)坑墊層和基礎(chu)的計(ji)量。